Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN) Practice Exam

During periods of stress or trauma, which nutrients are primarily used by the body as energy sources?

1. Fats

2. Carbohydrates

3. Proteins

4. Vitamins

The correct answer is: Proteins

During periods of stress or trauma, the body typically prioritizes the use of proteins as energy sources due to the increased demand for tissue repair and synthesis. This is especially evident when the body is under physical or emotional stress, as the metabolic demands rise and the need for amino acids becomes critical. In such situations, the body may start to break down muscle protein to release amino acids into the bloodstream. These amino acids can then be converted into glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis, which provides the necessary energy to support vital physiological functions, including immune response and the healing process. While carbohydrates are generally the body's preferred energy source under normal conditions, the specific context of stress signals a shift towards protein utilization. Fats serve as a secondary energy source, but they are not as readily utilized during acute stress. Vitamins do not serve as direct energy sources but are essential for various metabolic processes. Hence, the emphasis on proteins in the context of stress or trauma reflects the body's complex adaptive responses to maintain homeostasis and promote recovery.