Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN) Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by a loss of function in muscle coordination potentially leading to falls?

1. Spasticity

2. Ataxia

3. Dystonia

4. Neuropathy

The correct answer is: Ataxia

Ataxia is characterized by a loss of coordination and control of voluntary movements, leading to difficulties in balance and an increased risk of falls. This condition arises from dysfunction in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining posture. Individuals with ataxia may experience unsteady gait, difficulty with fine motor skills, and challenges in performing tasks that require precise movements. In contrast, spasticity refers to muscle stiffness and uncontrolled tightening, which can also impact movement but primarily affects muscle tone rather than coordination. Dystonia involves abnormal muscle contractions and postures, causing twisted movements but not necessarily leading to coordination issues in the same manner as ataxia. Neuropathy involves damage to peripheral nerves, which can lead to weakness or numbness rather than coordination problems directly. Therefore, ataxia is distinctly recognized for its impact on muscle coordination, significantly increasing the risk of falls due to impaired balance.